Concept

THE CANCER LESION

Characterizing the Cure for Cancer

by George P. Sakalosky, Ph.D.

THE STUDY

THE CONCEPT

THE MODEL

THE RESEARCH

THE REPLICATION

THE CONTACT

THE AUTHOR

The Periodic Symmetry Concept

THE CONCEPT

What is the Periodic Symmetry Concept? The Periodic Symmetry Concept is a set of new technical ideas derived from observing the general symmetrical and periodic arrangement of protons and their associate electrons in and among the atoms that constitute various known chemical structures

Why do we need a new set of ideas? Cancer research tends to point to DNA as the location of the primary cause of cancer, and replication of the cancer cell is one of its main features. Thus, in this study, the author chose to examine DNA replication mechanisms. it became apparent to the author that if any substantive information about replication of the cancer cell were to be gleaned from the study, this macromolecule, DNA, would have to be examined on very fundamental levels to understand the mechanisms involved. So, a new approach on the fundamental level of protons and electrons was pursued that would provide detailed information about the properties and functions of the replication mechanisms involved in the cancer cell. The author chose molecular modeling as a means for obtaining an understanding of the electronic operation of a replication mechanism in DNA. Periodic Symmetry, then, is a molecular modeling tool that might well reach into the electronic heart of DNA.

Has anyone ever proceeded in this direction? No. Although symmetry has been studied in physics and chemistry, no procedure has attempted to count the symmetrically located protons and electrons in chemical structures and then show that the precise totals of these numbers appear in a periodic manner to reveal many of the unique properties and functions of a chemical structure.

Where will Periodic Symmetry lead us? Periodic Symmetry is depicted herein by means of a large series of illustrations introducing the reader to a new internal view of chemical structure. The presentation begins with protons but ultimately focuses on electrons and will finally depict Periodic Symmetry as a strongly correlated electron system within and between the chemical structures in DNA. Hopefully, the next few illustrations will begin to introduce you to a very basic view of symmetry and, hopefully, will wet your curiosity whistle: and, if it does, you will be enticed to proceed patiently into this study.

Has anyone ever talked about strongly correlated electron systems? Dr. Jan S. Osborn, in his paper "Electric cooperation", in Science journal Vol. 288, p.461, April 21, 2000, states the following:

"In strongly correlated electron systems, the interaction between neighboring, and often next-neighboring, electrons is so strong that they can no longer be considered separately. The collective behavior of the microscopic properties of the electrons are then scaled up to a macroscopic, strongly interacting ensemble, which is quite different from the free electron picture of the standard model. The challenge then is to understand and describe these complex interactions...the ideas of Laughlin and Pines about 'quantum protectorates'...indicate that there must be a many-bodied, quantum mechanical cooperative effect that drives the ordering of a system into a particular state."

A correlated electron system operating in the nucleotides of DNA is exactly what you will see depicted by means of Periodic Symmetry. In the next few illustrations, you will be introduced to various ways to begin to view symmetry in chemical structure.

A. Symmetry is all there is

The orderly and symmetrcal structuring of life around us can readily be observed in the physical features of literally thousands of well known structures


As in the symmetrical structure of the snowflake...	...as in the symmetrical stripes on the tiger..


...as in the symmetrical arrangement of the pedals on flowers...	...as in the symmetrical position of the eyes, arms, legs in the human anatomy...


...as in the symmetrical wings of a bird...	...as in the symmetrical molecular structures in your body that help keep you alive...

"Cutting-edge quantum physicists believe the universe is constructed out of energy in patterns that conform to an order of symmetry. Makes sense to us. The leading quantum theory is even called supersymmetry. If supersymmetry is a cosmic quantum law, you can bet it's a biological law. too...In the universe, symmetry is all there is."

T.S.Wiley with Bent Formby,Ph.D.,
Lights Out,Pocket Books, Simon &
Schuster, p.45, 2000.

...as in the atoms that constitute
molecular structures...

...and symmetry appears even in the members of the
atom itself: the protons and electrons. To truly understand
the universe and its biological systems, symmetry is all there is.

B. A Simple Format for the Symmetrical Arrangment of Elements in Biochemical Structure

Chemical symmetry is an arrangement within chemical structure where
similar numbers of similar chemicals elements, their protons and electrons,
are located in positions on opposite sides of a dividing line, or median plane, or a center of axis

It is important for your eyes to identify various similar patterns in chemical structure. With such symmetry in mind, let's examine the Porphin Molecule

This is the Porphin Molecule. The Porphin structure is an important biochemical structure. This symmetrical structure can readily be found as the centerpiece of the hemoglobin molecule where it resides in the blood within your body. It is also the centerpiece of many other important chemical structures in the life system.

The symmetry of the elements in the porphin structure can be viewed from many different directions: from the arrangement of the Nitrogen atoms (N), from the arrangement of the Hydrogen atoms (H), from the arrangement of the Carbon atoms (C), and even from the arrangement of the double bonds throughout the chemical structure.

As such, one can view, symmetrically, the four Nitrogen atoms in the center of the Porphin structure.

One can also view the symmetrical position of the Carbon atoms and Groups of Carbon atoms located on opposite sides of the structure.

One can view the symmetrical position of the Hydrogen atoms located in all opposite corners and sides of the structure

And, one can finally view, symmetrically, the many double bonds in the structure. As we proceed, your eyes must become attentive to these different symmetrical arrangements in chemical structures.

Here is the Porphin Molecule showing all of its magnificent symmetry. Now, let's look for such symmetry in another well known compound, shown in the illustration below.

This is the Double Thio-Oxalate of Potassium. Note the symmetry in the structure by focusing first on the Carbon-Oxygen Groups at each end of the structure; then, on the Sulfur Groups on each side of the central nickel atom; then, note how the double bonds are symmetrically located at each end of the structure. The elements and chemical bonds in this structure are nicely symmetrical. As we proceed in this presentation, it will become evident that symmtry is pervasive in all key and activated chemical structures within the living system.

"Nature has shown unexpected and amazing depths. The Quest for
the secret of matter has led us down into one depth after another. At
each plunge the world that has been revealed to us has possessed
strange new wonders and symmetries. At each stage it has proved
amazingly intelligible to the human mind, but nevertheless in terms
increasingly far removed from the obvious or familiar world of our
everyday experience."

Pollard, W.G., "The Mystery of Matter",
The World of the Atom Series, U.S. Atomic
Energy Commission, pp.54-55,1970.

FOR THE CONTINUING ILLUSTRATIONS
AND INFORMATION IN THIS SECTION OF THE WEBSITE,
WRITE TO:

Dr. George P. Sakalosky
P.O. BOX 1492
GATLINBURG, TN 37738
USA

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